Foreword: before the introduction of Yuanmingyuan, I'd like to talk about the current situation of stone carving art in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The development of Chinese traditional stone carving art to Ming and Qing Dynasties is also the last period of prosperity of ancient architecture art. Due to the decline of the feudal dynasty at the end of Qing Dynasty, Western powers invaded China and the final prosperity collapsed quickly. Then there is a fault for more than a century, in which year of continuous gunfire. The stone carving artists and craftsmen lost a lot in Dai Dynasty, and gradually recovered after the founding of new China.

Origin: Yuanmingyuan was built in Kangxi period. The three characters of Yuanmingyuan were named by Emperor Kangxi. The two words "Yuanming" are: Yuan and Shen, in the time of a gentleman; Ming and universal light, the wisdom of a man. "Yuan" refers to the perfection of people's moral character and the transcendence of ordinary people; "Ming" refers to the brilliance of political achievements and the perfection of wisdom.

Yuanmingyuan is also composed of Yuanmingyuan, changchunyuan and qichunyuan, covering an area of about 200000 square meters. What is the concept of 200000 square meters? It is equivalent to the size of nine forbidden cities, with more than 150 landscapes. Yuanmingyuan is famous for its large scale, exquisite carving, unique scenery, collection and cultural connotation, and is known as the "model of garden art".

Yuanmingyuan not only gathers the grand sceneries of Jiangnan, but also grafts and transplants the characteristics of foreign architectural arts. In Qianlong's six trips to Jiangnan, all the unique grand sceneries will be transformed into drawings by painters. After returning to Beijing, they will make imitations in the garden. There are at least forty or fifty landscapes in Yuanmingyuan, which are directly imitations of those of other places, including the West Lake. Ten sceneries, Lanting in the preface of Wang Xizhi's Lanting, Taohua Temple of Tang Bohu, TaoYuanming's Taohua garden, etc. the garden theme breaks through the shackles of the traditional royal garden, gains the advantages of the masses, and embraces all rivers in the Qing Dynasty, all excellent gardens.

The main architectural types of Yuanmingyuan include all the architectural forms of ancient China, pavilions, temples, Taoist temples, etc. the architectural forms include all the layout and styles of ancient China, including single tile, heavy tile, regular courtyard and architectural complex.

Dashuifa: Dashuifa, the largest fountain in the Western Tower Scenic Area, is the most striking one. The lion head under the arch in the middle of the niches spurts spring water to form a seven layer water curtain. There are 10 bronze hounds around a sika deer in the money pool of the arch. The hounds spray water from the mouth of the hounds and spray it on the sika deer. Then the antlers shoot out the water column. In the pool not far away, thirteen layers of stone sculptures flow away. Pagoda fountain.

Yuanying view: the highest Yuanying view of western building complex is the latest one. It used to be a baroque building with a large collection of oil paintings.

Water watching method: the emperor was sitting on the throne to watch the fountain here. The stone screen carvers at the back of the fountain were all kinds of western style patterns, most of which were armor, artillery, swords and spears, etc., which probably meant that the barbarians who only knew how to use force in the upper kingdom of China, such as you, could be compared.

Haiyantang: this large-scale I-shaped building is the largest building in the Western Tower. There are fountains in the front of Haiyantang and on both sides of the north and the south. Its composition scale is second only to that of Dashuifa. In the center of the fountains in the front there are exquisite shell like stone carvings with western style, which is also one of the symbols of the Western Tower. Haiyan hall is well known for that kind of water conservancy, which is composed of twelve animal heads of the Chinese zodiac. The twelve animal heads are located on the platform bases on both sides of the shell like stone carvings. There are six copper animal heads on each side and twelve animal heads. According to the arrangement of 12 hours, the animal heads representing the time will spray water at a certain time in a day. At 12:00 noon and midnight, all animal heads of the Chinese Zodiac will spray water. At the same time spray water, the scene is very spectacular.

Square appearance: there is a two-story palace building in the north of Haiyantang road. In fact, it's a mosque. The scenic spot near the West Tower is the square appearance. It's said that line painting, Yuanying temple and square appearance were built by Emperor Qianlong for the sake of Rong Fei.

This royal garden was born in the year of Kangxi. It was built in the Qianlong period of the Qianlong period. The palace architecture was magnificent and magnificent, and the southern style was graceful and graceful. It absorbed the western garden architecture style and integrated the Chinese garden sculpture art with the Western sculpture art. Although it's made by people, it's like the sky.

The completion of Yuanmingyuan not only reflects the excellent craftsmanship of ancient Chinese gardening, but also is the most outstanding royal art garden at that time. It also has a very important position in the world's architectural history. Looking at the whole world at that time, Yuanmingyuan is indeed a very excellent royal garden, integrating thousands of Chinese sculpture garden art into Dacheng, pushing Chinese classical garden to the world garden. The peak of Lin art is coveted by some Western powers. It is because of its beauty that the United States and the armed forces seize it collectively. However, the Yuanmingyuan won honor for the Chinese nation and was once the pride of the Chinese nation.